พบครู ภาษาอังกฤษ คน
Chadi El Mamoun
The first part of the introduction of my research
The world has known deep and global transformations in the twentieth century. Process of industrialization in Europe, Asia, and America alongside with colonization and the two World Wars have brought, among other events, thorough changes within and outside states’ sphere. Postcolonial period has also involved new questions in the third world concerning economic development, political organization and relative issues. Briefly, the twentieth century is considered as the most active period in all humanity history whether in terms of tensions and wars between states, birth of globalization, technological revolution, and research publications in so various and divergent disciplinary fields.
In fact, in this period, social phenomenons spawned by industrialization process and colonization- both in the north and south hemispheres of planet- were and still a subject of studies. They were studied predominantly under sociology and social psychology. However, many issues referring to the worker class, popular culture, national identity, among others, were dealt under new disciplinary field known as Cultural Studies. This movement had as founders Richard Hoggard, Raymond Williams and Edward Thompson who have published “Uses of literacy”, “Culture and society” and “The making of the English working class” in 1957, 1958 and 1963, respectively. The birth of this disciplinary field was in the UK as a response to the critical situations in the country. Authors cited above have studied different questions referring to the culture, the popular classes, education, etc. In fact, population has been trapped in dire poverty, worker class was arbitrarily exploited and ignorance had been a feature of an overwhelming majority of the population. Cultural Studies have studied causes and consequences of these social phenomenons and tried to bring some reflections over concepts of solutions.
The last two decades of the 20th century were characterized by the extrapolation of Cultural Studies in North America where new questions have been involved such as the definition of identity, population, ethnic group, race, nation, and so on. In the succeeding years, Cultural Studies have become universal and new authors in Asia developed new tendencies and posed new questions, extending the old researches. The Indian Ranajit Guha is considered as the founder of a new disciplinary field so similar to Cultural Studies: Subaltern Studies.
14 ม.ค. 2017 เวลา 16:24
การแก้ไข · 2
A lot of thanks to you Mr Gerog Frei for your interaction. I agree partially with your proposal... especially the date of the first industrial revolution which remonte to 18th century. The question referring to religion and its role in Europe is in fact so controversial. I hope to discuss deeply this question and relative issues another time. I'm looking today for a simple correction on the text's form (orthographe particularly) ...could you bring some help ?
14 มกราคม 2017
Actually, the industrial revolution has started already in the 17th century with the invention of steam generated machines, such as cars and trains and so on, which needed coal to be made functioning.
There humanity has suffered a period of strong repression, so strong that worker had to work up to 17 hours a day, without seeing the daylight anymore, no time for their families. Alcoholism and violence started to appear and become a social problem.
But the root of this surpression of equality and same rights are to find in the middle age, where the catholic church has taken so much control over the life of people, that there was almost no personal freedom possible anymore.
Social habiits and conditionings under so called christian theology have caused a huge repression of personal freedom, surpressed sexuality and unquestioned obedience to authorities have caused many wars in Europe, including the seven crusades. Nowadays Christianity disappears in importance as a religion, it has had it's time. Now Islam seems to imitate and perform similar habits as Christianity has been doing a few hundreds of years ago.
In human history it is remarcable that everything happens again and again - like in cicles. It satrts to become predictable what is going to happen, when you have analyzed what has happened in the past: the Roman Empire failed, now the American Empire fails, Christianity disappears, Islam arises, the culture, who build the Pyramdis have left our planet after constructing something, we are not able to construct nowadays - so it looks like, that we are not the first "high civilization" on earth, we might come after Atlantis, if it was there, after those guys who built the Pyramids, and our nuclear weapons are powerful enough to transform all of us - maybe the entire globe - into a fine powder in the galaxy - and this will happen, when the wrong people get power. Luckily, we are not there yet - but what teaches us Atlantis and the Pyramids? - It might happen
14 มกราคม 2017
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Chadi El Mamoun
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ภาษาอาหรับ, ภาษาอังกฤษ, ภาษาฝรั่งเศส
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