Also a Japanese learner so take my help with a grain of salt please :)
程(ほど)illustrates the extent of something. If I were to literally translate your sentences:
1) Generally, to the extent of quality, the price too goes up. (Generally price matches material quality).
2) "To the extent of a young person, you don't know manners," said the elderly [man/woman] (You have about as much manners as a little kid)
3) "To the extent that you would brag about a person, [with him] you really can't" (He's not really someone to brag about")