Choice 2 sounds good to me, the others seem a little off. The reason is that when you say "as a result of", the next thing must be a noun or noun phrase. For example, "As a result of good test scores, he passed the class" or "As a result of cancer, he was sick." For choice 1, "my car had been broken" is not a noun phrase. For choice 3, "my car's breaking" is a noun phrase but it sounds unusual. I don't understand the second part of your question, but I do not think that you always need past perfect. For example, "As a result of walking daily, he has good health" or "As a result of eating too much, he is overweight." But maybe you need present perfect when you use present for the second part, and maybe you need past perfect when you use past for the second part.