Hi, when you are LISTENING to what people are TALKING about to you, you can say "听不懂、不明白". When you are LOOKING AT what people are showing you, you can say "看不懂、看不明白、不明白" . When I can say 不明白 and when I can say 什么意思? Yes. But "什么意思" has another meaning. When you understand what people are saying, but what they say has more than one meaning, you can say "你什么意思". Hope this helps.

听不懂 = не понял на слух 不明白 = не понял вообще, аналог 不懂 看不明白 = на понял на вид 什么意思 = какое значение?, что это значит?

这两个回答的意思是不一样的。 “我听不懂”，“我不明白”，它们是一种意思。 但是“什么意思？”，是一种带有敌意的提问。换一句话说就是：“你到底是什么意思？”