Take its toll- to have a bad effect on someone or something, especially over a long period of time. Lead to - to result in something. Influence- the power to have an effect on people or things. To cause someone to change a behavior, belief, or opinion, or to cause something to be changed.

The literal meaning of "toll" is a small payment you make in order to cross a bridge, or drive on a highway. For example, the big highway across the state of Indiana is the "Indiana Toll Road" and you have to pay a toll to drive on it. Tolls are small fees, but they use up your money, a little at time. In your passage, it means "take away your energy gradually, a little bit at a time." Unpredictable noise, figuratively, makes you "pay a toll" over and over again. It is small and you hardly notice it is happening, but after a while you become fatigued.

Affect, influence, change (for the worse) ie "the years take their toll on a man"