In my area they're known as "June bugs," but a Google search tells me that they're also called "June beetles," "May beetles," or "May bugs," as well as some more specific scientific names (e.g. European Chafer or Phyllophaga, which are different but similar species of beetles). https://allpest-thoroughcheck.com/june-bugs-have-arrived-in-indiana/

Great photo! Sometimes translations are easy - it’s a Maybug or May bug 😀🪲 (also doodlebug or cockchafer)

Not sure, it looks like a Bombardier Beetle.

We call them June bugs in Texas. Because they come out in June, they stay around for awhile though.

June bug - Virginia, USA