In each cell below, the first line indicates IPA, the second indicates pinyin for a standalone (no-initial) form, and the third indicates pinyin for a combination with an initial. Other than finals modified by an -r, which are omitted, the following is an exhaustive table of all possible finals.<sup>1</sup>
The only syllable-final consonants in standard Mandarin are -n and -ng, and -r, which is attached as a grammatical suffix. Chinese syllables ending with any other consonant is either from a non-Mandarin language (southern Chinese languages such as Cantonese, or minority languages of China), or it indicates the use of a non-pinyin Romanization system (where final consonants may be used to indicate tones).
<table align="center" class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2">Final</th> <th colspan="4">Medial</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Nucleus</th> <th>Coda</th> <td>Ø</td> <td>i</td> <td>u</td> <td>y</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">a</td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">Ø</td> <td>[ɑ]a
-a</td> <td>[i̯a]
ya
-ia</td> <td>[u̯a]
wa
-ua</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">i</td> <td>[aɪ̯]
ai
-ai</td> <td> </td> <td>[u̯aɪ̯]
wai
-uai</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">u</td> <td>[ɑʊ̯]
ao
-ao</td> <td>[i̯ɑʊ̯]
yao
-iao</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">n</td> <td>[an]
an
-an</td> <td>[i̯ɛn]
yan
-ian</td> <td>[u̯an]
wan
-uan</td> <td>[y̯ɛn]
yuan
-üan <sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">ŋ</td> <td>[ɑŋ]
ang
-ang</td> <td>[i̯ɑŋ]
yang
-iang</td> <td>[u̯ɑŋ]
wang
-uang</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">ə</td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">Ø</td> <td>[ɤ]
e
-e</td> <td>[i̯ɛ]
ye
-ie</td> <td>[u̯ɔ]
wo
-uo/-o <sup>3</sup></td> <td>[y̯œ]
yue
-üe <sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">i</td> <td>[eɪ̯]
ei
-ei</td> <td> </td> <td>[u̯eɪ̯]
wei
-ui</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">u</td> <td>[oʊ̯]
ou
-ou</td> <td>[i̯oʊ̯]
you
-iu</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">n</td> <td>[ən]
en
-en</td> <td>[in]
yin
-in</td> <td>[u̯ən]
wen
-un</td> <td>[yn]
yun
-ün <sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">ŋ</td> <td>[əŋ]
eng
-eng</td> <td>[iŋ]
ying
-ing</td> <td>[u̯əŋ], [ʊŋ] <sup>4</sup>
weng
-ong</td> <td>[i̯ʊŋ]
yong
-iong</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(239, 239, 239);">Ø</td> <td>[ɨ]
-i</td> <td>[i]
yi
-i</td> <td>[u]
wu
-u</td> <td>[y]
yu
-ü <sup>2</sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
<sup>1</sup> [ɑɻ] (而, 二, etc.) is written er. For other finals formed by the suffix -r, pinyin does not use special orthography; one simply appends -r to the final that it is added to, without regard for any sound changes that may take place along the way. For information on sound changes related to final -r, please see Standard Mandarin.
<sup>2</sup> "ü" is written as "u" after j, q, x, or y.
<sup>3</sup> "uo" is written as "o" after b, p, m, or f.
<sup>4</sup> It is pronounced [ʊŋ] when it follows an initial, and pinyin reflects this difference.
Technically, i, u, ü without a following vowel are finals, not medials, and therefore take the tone marks, but they are more concisely displayed as above. In addition, ê [ɛ] (欸, 誒) and syllabic nasals m (呒, 呣), n (嗯, 唔), ng (嗯) are used as interjections.
From : wikipedia
