"Proposal" is the noun, but in English it is quite common to use the verb "propose."  Example:  "Last night John proposed to Mary."  Even if we haven't been given a context, it is clear that John asked Mary to marry him.   It woudn't sound quite natural to say, "Last night John made a proposal to Mary" if you're trying to say it was a proposal of marriage.

Keep in mind that there are other types of "proposals" than a proposal of marriage.  For example, a business proposal:   John:  "I'd like to buy your company."  Mary:  "Ok. What's your proposal?" 

Actually the best one is not among your options xD The right word is "PROPOSAL", a word that you can use in different situations, not only talking about marriages.

It's also quite common to say that someone offered their hand in marriage.

Suggestion:   'Should we go for a coffee?'

Offer:  'Would you like me to carry your bag?'

Proposal: 'Will you marry me?'

Thank you! It is so interesting to know.