One - a single item, a single person
One's - somethng possessed by someone or something. Used when you would like to specify the ownership linkage between the person and the object (physical, or otherwise) in question
"I would like to have one piece of fruit please." "When does one begin this test?"
"One's piece of fruit should be placed on this plate." "One's test answers should be in pencil."
Typically, when we use "one" to identify a person, we generally do not know who the specific person is. Sometimes we do, and if it is used when we know the person, there can be a hint of annoyance with that person.
"Where should I put this suitcase?" "You should put that suitcase in the closet."
"Where should I put this suitcase?" "One should put suitcases in the closet."
In the second response, the person is really saying "You don't know where to put a suitcase????? Everybody knows they go in the closet."