The correct answer is B: Being criticized by his father

I agree with the others. The sentence is badly written and unnatural. We say, "What has put him in a bad mood recently?" You need a gerund form (+ing) for the answer because the action is the subject. The preposition "by" makes it impossible to use C.

'What has made him in such a low mood' is poor English to start with. Strange sentence. But we know what it means, and notice the tense, 'has made' The answer options are not good eithe. I'd prefer 'Having been criticised'. But 'B. Being criticised' is the only acceptable option as given. For B to be quite correct the question perhaps should be 'What causes him to be'.

why not choose A ，but B?