Bruten - (adjective) broken into pieces.
Bröt - (verb, past tense) breaking something (into pieces) ex. Jag bröt benet
Sönder and trasig are both adjectives that describe something that doesn't function properly, is broken. Ex. En trasig TV-skärm, Den är sönder.
I think there's a small difference between the two, but it's hard to explain on the spot :/