That sounds very broad, to me at least, but the words that come to mind would be: environmentalist, humanist, egalitarian (or feminist). An environmentalist is the person who cares about the environment and so forth. A humanist is a person that believes the principles of humanism (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism). An egalitarian is a person who believes in the equality of all people (The term feminist is also commonly used in this case but is not as broad and specifically refers to someone fighting for women rights). I hope this helps!

Usually you just say that the person is "an environmentalist". More colloquially, you could say that they are "green" in the sense that their politics are "green", which means ecologically aware in that sense.

I think "progressive" is the best word for somebody who cares broadly about all those issues.

I would say that they are environmentally conscious, interested in eco-friendly and sustainable things.

The first word that comes to mind is "tree-hugger" （擁抱樹的人）. It is often used in an insulting way, but a lot of people who care about the environment have started to use it for themselves. The most neutral word for people who care about the environment is "environmentalist".