"Who brought you up?" - this is referring to who supported you up until the age of eighteen (typically). Usually your parents, but can be other relatives and/or family friends. "Who rose you up?" - this is a bit odd as it's an uncommon way of saying 'who inspired you?' or words to that effect (as in, who rose your spirit etc.). Others may have a different take on this.

You raise children, not rise them. Rose is the past participle of rise, which means to get higher like bread. So, 'who raised you' would be the correct version of your second sentence. 'bring up' and 'raise' are synonymous. I was brought up in the UK. I was raised in the UK. And in the UK I'd say 'to bring up' is more common than 'to raise'.