Both words mean "competition". Wettkampf is a sports competition and can be also called Wettbewerb.
However, if you speak about a performing or visual arts competition (music, drawing, drama, film etc.) it is called Wettbewerb only (e. g. Musikwettbewerb, Zeichenwettbewerb, Schauspielwettbewerb, Filmwettbewerb). No one would use Wettkampf in this context.