For someone who is a high level subordinate, I would use "consigliere." For a low level subordinate, I would use "muscle."

Henchman is the best choice of all of these because it means both (i) subordinate, and (ii) criminal. “Thug” would be another good choice: it always implies criminality, but it does not necessarily mean subordinate (depends on context). “Muscle” is another possible choice: it means a subordinate that a criminal uses for jobs requiring violence. Minion and underling and lackey all imply subordinate, but are used in many contexts (not just crime); minion and lackey have a pejorative connotation (you should be offended if somebody calls you one of those words), but “underling” is not offensive. “Yes man” has a different nuance; a yes man is almost always a subordinate, but the focus of the word is on a particular aspect of behavior (namely, always agreeing with the boss and flattering the boss). Stooge is old-fashioned. I’ve never heard of lingman (and could not find it as a word in Google).

In American English, the words that fit best are minion, henchman, and lackey. Stooge is out of date; I’ve never heard lingman; and yes-man and underling are not specific enough.