'u' is tricky, because it can be pronounced a few different ways.
In "useful", it is pronounced as if it started with 'y', a consonant: "yoos full".
Therefore, you would say "a useful..."
The word "unused" would take "an" as an article, because of its pronunciation - "uhn yooz d", which is pronounced like the short vowel. "An unused item".
Another confusing word is "hour". You would say "an hour" even though the word starts with a consonant. This is because the 'h' is silent and it is pronounced just like "our", which starts with a vowel sound.
You would say "a handle", though, because here the 'h' is pronounced.