- 더니: someone/something does one thing and subsequently another. e.g. 아기가 한참 동안 울더니 지금은 웃고 있다 = The baby was crying for a while but now he's smiling. - V-(아/어)야지 그렇지 않으면 = should/must do something, or else (something bad might happen) * 야지 stresses imperativeness of an action, and 그렇지 않으면 means "if you/they don't do that". e.g. 빨리 병원에 가야지 그렇지 않으면 죽을지도 몰라요 = You must go to the hospital right away. If not, you might even die. - V-았/었으면 (...고) 얼마나 좋았겠어요? 1. without (...고) => How nice/great it would have been if (I/you/they) had ... (subjunctive/conditional about the past). 2. with (...고) => How nice it would have been, (as it would have ... / with such and such), if (I/would/they) had ... e.g. 1. 그 회사에 들어갔으면 얼마나 좋았겠어요 = How nice it would have been if you had joined that company. 2. 그때 그 회사에 들어갔으면 승진도 하고 얼마나 좋았겠어요 = How nice it would have been, getting promoted and all, if you had joined that company.