The Naver Dictionary's Korean-Korean page shows more than 20 sub-headings for 되다.
Here's a trimmed and reorg'ed list of the Korean page, which should be detailed enough for most learners.
1. become
- 커서 의사가 되고 싶다. I want to grow up to be a doctor.
- 얼음은 녹으면 물이 된다. Ice melts into water.
- 좋은 하루 되세요. Have a good day. (a little odd expression, but often used)
2. be; reach (a certain state, place, quantity, etc)
- 이제 한 사람만 더 오면 다섯이 된다. With one more person joining, we'll become five.
- 내리실 곳은 서울역이 되겠습니다. Next stop is the Seoul Station.
3. be in certain emotional state
- 마음 속으로 무척 걱정이 되었다. I was really worried in my heart.
- 그 말을 들으니 이제 안심이 되는구나. I feel relieved now to hear what you say.
4. be made of; consist of
- 나무로 된 책상 A desk made of wood.
- 방 세 개로 된 집. A house consisting of three rooms.
- 전 시민의 이름으로 된 청원서. A petition drawn in the name of all citizens.
5. end up in certain state; fall into an outcome; (often with ~게 되다)
- 일이 잘 됐다. The matter has come to a good resolution.
- 기계가 못 쓰게 되다. The appliance came out of order.
- 오늘부터 여러분에게 한국어를 가르치게 되었어요. I am here to teach all of you Koren starting today.
